Estate planning for blended families
When remarrying and the parties have children from previous marriages the resulting family need to pay careful consideration to their children in their Wills.
Parents need to consider the implications of their actions if they wish to protect an inheritance for their children from a previous relationship.
In a recent case to reach the High Court, three siblings found themselves removed from their inheritance when their stepmother changed her Will in favour of their stepbrother after the siblings’ father died. Mr Ian McLean and his two siblings were completely cut out of the Will when their dead father Reginald’s second wife Maureen changed her Will in 2019 to leave all the couple’s wealth to her biological son.
The McLean couple made what is known as ‘Mirror Wills’ in 2017, where each reflects the other, so no matter who dies first the outcome should be the same. Those Wills shared the couple’s estate equally between the four children, three from Mr McLean’s first marriage and the younger son born during their marriage. When the older siblings found themselves cut out of the later Will, they went to court, claiming that their father had trusted his second wife “implicitly” over the terms of the inheritance.
The court has to decide whether the doctrine of Mutual Wills applied to their stepmother’s original 2017 Will, which would mean there was an agreement between the couple to make Wills with substantially the same terms and conferring reciprocal benefits, and not revoke them without the consent of the other.
- Manal Fouad explains: “For the doctrine of Mutual Wills to apply there needs to be a contract between the two testators that both Wills will be irrevocable and remain unaltered, and this agreement should be incorporated into the Will, or through some other form of evidence. It’s not enough to make a Mirror or Reciprocal Will and show some general intention. This usually is achieved through inserting a ‘mirror clause’ into each Will.
- “Without an explicit agreement not to revoke the Will, any surviving partner may make a new Will, with very different outcomes, and that’s why it’s important to be clear from the outset.”
While the McLeans must wait to hear the outcome of their case, another inheritance challenge in similar circumstances has been upheld. After the divorce, the Colicci’s signed a deed where they covenanted that any shares, they still held in their jointly owned company would pass to their two children when they died, and both promised to make Wills to support that. But the husband had remarried and later made a new Will leaving his shares to his second wife, not telling his ex-wife or children what he had done. When he died unexpectedly shortly after, his later Will was challenged successfully, as the court ruled that the original deed was a binding obligation which prevented either of the parents from making other arrangements to dispose of their shares on death.
According to the latest figures from the Office for National Statistics, almost 30% of marriages are now second or subsequent marriages.
- Manal added: “Proper planning can help leave everyone satisfied, and decisions will depend on individual circumstances. This could be through Mutual Wills containing a clear declaration that neither side can revoke or change the agreed terms without the consent of the other.
- “Another option is to create a trust within a Will. This can be a simple and effective way to make sure that the surviving partner has all they need while alive, but at the same time making sure that children from an earlier relationship do not miss out. It does require specialist help to get things right, but it means you can be sure things will play out as you intend.”
A trust can allow for each partner to leave their estate, or the bulk of it, in trust for the survivor, and then to their children following the survivor’s death. This allows for the use of the assets – such as a house or investment income – to support the survivor for the rest of their life, but with the assets held in trust – whether for children from an earlier marriage or a charity or anyone else – when the survivor dies.
McLean & ors v McLean [2023] WTLR 267
Colicci v Grinberg, 2023 EWHC 1177 Ch
If you would like any more information relating to this article then please feel free to contact me via telephone – 020 8221 8038, via email here, or visit my profile: Manal Fouad.
This is not legal advice; it is intended to provide information of general interest about current legal issues.
